中非農業創新應對氣候挑戰

Agriculture is a cornerstone of human progress, but it faces mounting pressures from extreme weather, geopolitical conflicts, and market disruptions. At the World Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Conference in Beijing, experts from over 90 countries discussed building a resilient food supply system. China's agricultural transformation—from food shortages to self-sufficiency in 40 years, feeding 20% of the global population with less than 10% of arable land—was highlighted as a model driven by innovation, investment, and policy. Martien van Nieuwkoop of the Gates Foundation noted that China's experience offers insights for other nations.

農業是人類進步的基石，但正面臨極端天氣、地緣政治衝突和市場動盪的加劇壓力。在北京舉行的世界農業科技創新大會上，來自90多個國家的專家討論了構建韌性食物供應體系。中國的農業轉型——從糧食短缺到40年內實現自給自足，以不到全球10%的耕地養活近20%的人口——被強調為由創新、投資和政策驅動的典範。蓋茨基金會的馬蒂恩·范·尼烏庫普指出，中國的經驗為其他國家提供了啟示。

A key innovation is synthetic apomixis, or self-replicating hybrid rice, which could allow farmers to save seeds and maintain high yields without repurchasing annually. The Gates Foundation is collaborating with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and African partners to test this technology in Africa, with early progress reported. This and other innovations, such as new rice varieties that reduce water, fertilizer, and pesticide use while cutting methane emissions, will be showcased at COP30.

一項關鍵創新是無融合生殖技術，或稱自我複製的雜交水稻，它可能讓農民留種自種並維持高產，而無需每年重新購買種子。蓋茨基金會正與中國農業科學院和非洲夥伴合作，在非洲試驗這項技術，並報告了早期進展。這項創新以及其他成果，例如能減少用水、肥料、農藥使用和甲烷排放的新型水稻品種，將在第30屆聯合國氣候大會上展示。

Sino-African agricultural cooperation holds potential but faces challenges due to differences in smallholder farming, climate conditions, and institutional capacity. Success requires "co-creation"—adapting solutions to local contexts. For instance, Green Super Rice faced limitations in Africa due to insufficient localized research, high fertilizer costs, and weak supply chains. Under climate change, a more sustainable green revolution is needed, with projects like AfricaRice's "climate-resilient smart valleys" reducing irrigation costs. However, climate finance for agriculture remains inadequate, with only $24 billion annually versus an estimated need of $200 billion. Innovation is crucial to boost productivity, increase incomes, and reduce poverty amid climate challenges.

中非農業合作潛力巨大，但因小農經營、氣候條件和制度能力的差異而面臨挑戰。成功需要「共同創造」——將解決方案適應本地環境。例如，綠色超級稻在非洲推廣受限，原因包括本地化研究不足、肥料成本高和供應鏈薄弱。在氣候變化下，需要更可持續的綠色革命，例如非洲水稻組織的「氣候韌性智能谷地」項目降低了灌溉成本。然而，農業氣候融資仍不足，每年僅240億美元，而估計需求為2000億美元。在氣候挑戰中，創新對提高生產力、增加收入和減少貧困至關重要。

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